Arabic Alphabet

ÈÓã Çááå ÇáÑÃãä ÇáÑÃíã

 

Arabic Alphabet

 

The Arabic alphabet contains 28 letters. Some additional letters are used in Arabic when writing placenames or foreign words containing sounds which do not occur in Standard Arabic, such as /p/ or /g/.

 

* Words are written in horizontal lines from right to left, numerals are written from left to right

 

* Most letters change form depending on whether they appear at the beginning, middle or end of a word, or on their own. (see below)

* Letters that can be joined are always joined in both hand-written and printed Arabic. The only exceptions to this rule are crossword puzzles and signs in which the script is written vertically.

 

* The long vowels /a:/, /i:/ and /u:/ are represented by the letters 'alif, yā' and wāw respectively.

 

* Vowel diacritics, which are used to mark short vowels, and other special symbols apppear only in the Qur'ān (Koran). They are also used, though with less consistancy, in other religious texts, in classical poetry, in textbooks children and foreign learners, and occasionally in complex texts to avoid ambiguity. Sometimes the diacritics are used for decorative purposes in book titles, letterheads, nameplates, etc.

Edited September 12, 2005 by Zeinab

The Arabic Alphabet

 

Please study the following very carefully:

 

Here each Arabic alphabet is represented in Arabic (how it is pronounced) and it relative representation in the English alphabet (though this should not be taken as a standard form rather just for the sake of differentiation and understanding). Please it is important you listen to the exact pronunciation of each of the letters. See this link:

 

(www.)"you can't post links until you reach 50 posts_www.gawaher(contact admin if its a beneficial link)/index.php?showtopic=19070"]Arabic Alphabet Prnounciation[/url]

 

Ç Alif

 

Represented by a using English letters

 

È Baa'

 

Represented by b using English letters

 

Ê Taa'

 

Represented by t using English letters

 

Ë Thaa'

 

Represented by th using English letters

 

Ì Jeem

 

Represented by j a using English letters

 

à k-haa

 

Represented by h (underlined) using English letters

 

But this letter has no exact phonetic pronunciation in English. The sound originates from the throat.

 

ÃŽ Khaa

 

Represented by kh using English letters

 

à Daal

 

Represented by d using English letters

 

à Dhaal

 

Represented by dh using English letters

 

Ñ Raa'

 

Represented by r using English letters

 

Ã’ Zaa or Zayn

 

Represented by z using English letters

 

Ó Seen

 

Represented by s using English letters

 

Ô Sheen

 

Represented by sh using English letters

 

Õ Saad

 

Represented by s (underlined) using English letters

 

Ö Daad

 

Represented by d (underlined) using English letters

 

Ø Taa'

 

Represented by t (underlined) using English letters

 

Ù Thaa'

Represented by th (underlined) using English letters

 

Ú Aain (Emphasis on the throat)

 

Represented by ‘a using English letters

 

Û Ghain

 

Represented by gh using English letters

 

à Faa

 

Represented by f using English letters

 

Þ Qaaf

 

Represented by q using English letters

 

ß Kaaf

 

Represented by k using English letters

 

á Laam

 

Represented by l using English letters

 

ã Meem

 

Represented by m using English letters

 

ä Noon

 

Represented by n using English letters

Edited September 12, 2005 by Zeinab

åÜ Haa'

 

Represented by h using English letters

This letter is closer to the English letter h than the Í sound

 

æ Waww

 

Represented by w using English letters

 

Á Hamza

 

Represented by ‘ using English letters

 

í Yaa

 

Represented by y using English letters

Edited September 12, 2005 by Zeinab

Joining of letters and their relative shape as positioned in the word

 

In Arabic as mentioned before the letters are joined together are unlike that of other languages; due to that depending on the position of the letter in the word its shape changes. It could be in the beginning, the middle or the end.

 

All letters join with other letters; with the exception of the following that can be joined to letters in front of them but not after them:

 

Ç Ï Ð Ñ Ò æ

 

Waww, Zayn, Raa', dhaal, Daal, and Alif

 

Ç

(Alif):

 

 

Beginning: Ç

 

Middle: ÜÇ

 

End: ÜÇ

 

 

È (Baa')

 

Beginning: ÈÜ

 

Middle: ÜÈÜ

 

End: ÜÈ

 

 

 

Ê (Taa')

 

Beginning: ÊÜ

 

Middle: ÜÊÜÜ

 

End: ÜÜÉ or Ê depending on the word.

 

 

Ë (Thaa')

 

Beginning: ËÜ

 

Middle: ÜËÜ

 

End: ÜË

 

 

Ì (Jeem)

 

Beginning: ÌÜ

 

Middle: ÜÌÜ

 

End: ÜÌ

 

 

Í (k-haa)

 

Beginning: ÍÜ

 

Middle: ÜÍÜ

 

End: ÜÍ

 

 

ÃŽ (khaa)

 

Beginning: ÎÜ

 

Middle: ÜÎÜ

 

End: ÜÎ

 

 

Ï (daal)

 

Beginning: Ï

 

Middle: ÜÏ

 

End: ÜÏ

 

 

Ð (dhaal)

 

Beginning: Ð

 

Middle: ÜÐ

 

End: ÜÐ

 

 

Ñ (raa')

 

Beginning: Ñ

 

Middle: ÜÑ

 

End: ÜÑ

 

 

Ã’ (zaa/zayn)

 

Beginning: Ã’

 

Middle: ÜÜÒ

 

End: ÜÜÒ

 

 

Ó (seen)

 

Beginning: ÓÜ

 

Middle: ÜÓÜ

 

End: ÜÓ

 

 

Ô (sheen)

 

Beginning: ÔÜ

 

Middle: ÜÔÜ

 

End: ÜÜÔ

 

 

Õ (saad)

 

Beginning: ÕÜ

 

Middle: ÜÕÜ

 

End: ÜÕ

Edited September 26, 2005 by Zeinab

Ö(Daad):

 

Beginning: Ö

 

Middle: ÜÖÜ

 

End: ÜÜÖ

 

 

Ø(Taa'):

 

Beginning: Ø

 

Middle: ÜØÜ

 

End: ÜØ

 

 

Ù(Thaa'):

 

Beginning: ÙÜ

 

Middle: ÜÙÜ

 

End: ÜÙ

 

 

Ú(Aain):

 

Beginning: ÚÜ

 

Middle: ÜÚÜ

 

End: ÜÚ or Ú

 

 

Û(Ghain):

 

Beginning: ÛÜ

 

Middle: ÜÛÜ

 

End: ÜÛ or Û

 

 

Ý(Faa):

 

Beginning: ÝÜ

 

Middle: ÜÝÜ

 

End: ÜÝ

 

 

Þ(Qaaf):

 

Beginning: ÞÜ

 

Middle: ÜÞÜ

 

End: ÜÞ

 

 

ß(Kaaf):

 

Beginning: ßÜ

 

Middle: ÜßÜ

 

End: Üß

 

 

á(Laam):

 

Beginning: áÜ

 

Middle: ÜáÜ

 

End: Üá

 

 

ã(Meem):

 

Beginning: ãÜ

 

Middle: ÜãÜ

 

End: Üã

 

 

ä(Noon):

 

Beginning: äÜ

 

Middle: ÜäÜ

 

End: Üä

 

 

Ã¥(Haa'):

 

Beginning: åÜ

 

Middle: ÜåÜ

 

End: ÜÜå or å

 

 

æ (Waww):

 

Beginning: æ

 

Middle: Üæ

 

End: ÜÜæ

 

 

í(Yaa):

 

Beginning: íÜ

 

Middle: ÜíÜ

 

End: Üí or í

Edited September 26, 2005 by Zeinab

Exercise: Please it is important to get used to the joining of words since you can better identify the letters: Practice writing these words:

 

ÔóÜÑöÈó :

 

Ôó Ñö Èó

ÔóÜ ÜÑö Èó

 

(He drank)

 

ÐóåóÜÈó :

 

Ðó åó Èó

 

Ðó åóÜ ÜÈó

 

(He went )

 

 

ãóÓúÌöÏñ :

 

ãó Óú Ìö Ïñ

 

ãóÜ ÜÓúÜ ÜÌöÜ ÜÏñ

 

(Masjid)

 

ÇóáúÝóáÇøóÍõ :

 

Çóáú Ýó áÇøó Íõ

 

ÇóáúÜ ÜÝóÜ ÜáÇøó Íõ

 

(Farmer)

 

 

Also any of the words (www.)"you can't post links until you reach 50 posts_www.gawaher(contact admin if its a beneficial link)/index.php?showtopic=19163"]Here[/url]

Sun and Moon Letters

 

In the Arabic language the letters are categorized into two groups, which are the sun and moon letters. The difference between the two concerns the pronunciation of the word when it begins with al at'arif (Çá : the). When the al is followed by a sun letter the letter á (Laam) is silent and the letter that follows it is pronounced. The following are the sun letters (Ahruf ash-shamsiya instead of alshamsiya since the Ô : sheen letter is a sun letter):

 

Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù á ä

 

Ê Ë Ï Ð Ñ Ò Ó

 

The rest of the letters are considered moon letters (Ahruf al-qamariya) and the letter á (Laam) is pronounced normally in al (Çá).

Further information about the Arabic letter pronunciation:

 

(www.)"you can't post links until you reach 50 posts_www.shariahprogram.ca/Arabic-alphabet19.shtml"]Pronunciation of the Letters[/url]

 

(www.)"you can't post links until you reach 50 posts_www.shariahprogram.ca/Arabic-alphabet20.shtml"]Primary Qualities of the Letters[/url]

 

(www.)"you can't post links until you reach 50 posts_www.shariahprogram.ca/Arabic-alphabet21.shtml"]Secondary Qualities of the Letters[/url]